Students’ Ability at Changing Direct into Indirect Speech and Indirect into Direct Speech

The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Mental Representations

Language can be viewed as a set of cues that modulate the comprehender's thought processes. It is a very subtle instrument. For example, the literature suggests that people perceive direct speech (e.g., Joanne said: 'I went out for dinner last night') as more vivid and perceptually engaging than indirect speech (e.g., Joanne said that she went out for dinner last night). But how is this alleged...

Inner Voice Experiences during Processing of Direct and Indirect Speech

Acoustic-prosodic Disambiguation of Direct and Indirect Speech Acts

The same surface form used for a speech act meant to be interpreted literally may be used for a speech act that takes on additional indirect meaning. We investigated acoustic and prosodic differences between the realizations of such direct versus indirect speech acts. We conducted a production experiment with seven native General American English speakers, each engaging in fourteen pairs of dia...

Effect of direct and indirect voice training in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students.

PURPOSE To verify the effect of two approaches of vocal training in Speech Language Pathology and Audiology students, a direct and an indirect approach. METHODS Participants were 25 female Speech Language Pathology and Audiology students divided into two groups: direct training with vocal exercises, DTG (n=13); and indirect training with vocal orientations, ITG (n=12). The training sessions w...

Direct and Indirect Representation

How much can a constituency influence the power of its representative in the legislature? We develop a theoretical model of the constituency basis of legislator influence. The key players in the model are interest groups who may receive targeted transfers from the legislature. The model predicts that the amount of transfers that such groups receive is increasing in their ability to help a party...